Correlational Analysis and Causal Inferences
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Improving causal inferences in risk analysis.
Recent headlines and scientific articles projecting significant human health benefits from changes in exposures too often depend on unvalidated subjective expert judgments and modeling assumptions, especially about the causal interpretation of statistical associations. Some of these assessments are demonstrably biased toward false positives and inflated effects estimates. More objective, data-d...
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This note observes that the ecological inference problem is very closely related to the problem of estimating causal effects. Due to the common mathematical structure, instrumental variables techniques solve the ecological inference problem under essentially the same set of conditions under which they allow researchers to draw conclusions about causality. More generally, carefully addressing th...
متن کاملSpontaneous causal inferences
Three studies examine the hypothesis that people spontaneously (i.e., unintentionally and without awareness of doing so) infer causes (the Spontaneous Causal Inference, or SCI, hypothesis). Using a cued-recall paradigm, Study 1 examines whether SCIs occur and Study 2 allows for a comparison between implicitly inferred and explicitly mentioned causes. Study 3 examines whether SCIs can be fully e...
متن کاملDrawing generalized causal inferences based on meta-analysis.
Research syntheses are more and more used to inform decisionmakers about the effects of a particular policy or of different policy options. For instance, do substance abuse prevention programs in junior high schools reduce drug use in high school? Are random drug tests more effective than drug education programs in reducing drug use? Are social influence prevention programs more effective with ...
متن کاملAnalogical Inferences in Causal Systems
Analogical and causal reasoning theories both seek to explain patterns of inductive inference. Researchers have claimed that reasoning scenarios incorporating aspects of both analogical comparison and causal thinking necessitate a new model of inductive inference (Holyoak, Lee, & Lu, 2010; Lee & Holyoak, 2008). This paper takes an opposing position, arguing that features of analogical models ma...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: American Anthropologist
سال: 1960
ISSN: 0002-7294,1548-1433
DOI: 10.1525/aa.1960.62.4.02a00060